MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1 ;

management information systems (MIS)	the study of information systems--how people, technology, processes, and data work together. Also used to describe a special type of information system that supports tactical decision making at the managerial level.
operations management	the area of management concerned with the design, operations, and improvement of the systems and processes the organizations uses to deliver its goods and services.
data-driven decision making	decision making that draws on the billions of pieces of data that can be aggregated to reveal important trends and patterns.
competitive advantage	anything that gives a firm a lead over its rivals; it can be gained through the development and application of innovative information systems.
business intelligence	the information managers use to make decisions, drawn from the company's own information systems or external sources.
social networking sites	online communities of people who create profiles for themselves, form ties with others with whom they share interests, and make new connections based on those ties.
data	the individual facts or pieces of information
information	data or facts that are assembled and analyzed to add meaning and usefulness.
information system	a system that brings together four critical components to collect, process, manage, analyze, and distribute information; the four components are people, technology, processes, and data.
user-generated content (UGC)	the content contributed to a system by its users.
web 2.0	the second generation of web development that facilitates far more interactivity, end-user contributions, collaboration, and information sharing compared to earlier models.
information technology (IT)	the hardware, software, and telecommunications that comprise the technology component of information systems; the term is often used more broadly, to refer to information systems.
information and communications technology (ICT)	the term encompasses the broad collection of information processing and communications technologies, emphasizing that telecommunication technology is a significant feature of information systems.
business process management (BPM)	focuses on designing, optimizing, and streamlining business processes throughout the organization.
business process	a set of activities designed to achieve a task; organizations implement information systems to support, streamline, and sometimes eliminate business processes.
e-discovery	the processes by which electronic data that might be used as legal evidence are requested, secured, and searched.
chief information officer (CIO)	the person who heads the department responsible for managing and maintaining information systems, and ensuring they support the organization's strategic goals.
crisis management team	the team in an organization that is responsible for identifying, assessing, and addressing threats from unforeseen circumstances that can lead to crisis situations
social networking sites	online communities of people who create profiles for themselves, form ties with others with whom they share interests, and make new connections based on those ties.

CHAPTER 2 :

Distribution Chain	The path a product or service follows from the originator of the product or service to the end consumer
Supply Chain Management (SCM)	Tracks inventory and information among business processes and across companies
Supply Chain Management System	An IT system that supports supply chain management activities by automating the tracking of inventory and information among business processes and across companies
Just-in-Time (JIT)	A method for producing or delivering a product or service just at the time the customer wants it
Inter-modal Transportation	The use of multiple channels of transportation to move products from origin to destination
Information Partnership	Two or more companies cooperating by integrating their IT systems, thereby providing customers with the best of what each can offer
Customer Relationship Management System (CRM)	Uses information about customers to gain insights into their needs, wants, and behaviors in order to serve them better
Multi-Channel Service Delivery	Describes a company's offering multiple ways in which customers can interact with it
Sales Force Automation Systems (SFA)	Automatically tracks all the steps in the sales process
Front Office Systems	The primary interface to customers and sales channels They send all customer information they collect to the database
E-Collaboration	The use of technology to support 1) work activities with integrated collaboration environments, 2) knowledge management with knowledge management systems, 3) social networking with social networking systems, 4) learning with e-learning tools, 5) informal collaboration to support open-source information
Integrated Collaboration Environments (ICEs)	Environments in which virtual teams do their work
Virtual Teams	Teams whose members are located in varied geographical locations and whose work is supported by specialized ICE software or by more basic collaboration systems
Workflow Systems	Facilitate the automation and management of business processes
Workflow	Defines all the steps or business rules, from beginning to end, required for a business process
Social Networking System	An IT system that links you to people you know, and from there, to people your contacts know
Wiki	A web site that allows you - as a visitor - to create, edit, change, and often eliminate content
Open-Source Information	Content that is publicly available, free of charge, and most often updateable by anyone
IT Culture	Refers to how the IT function is placed structurally within an organization and the organization's philosophical approach to the development, deployment, and use of IT
Social Networking Site	A site on which you post information about yourself, create a network of friends, read about other people, share content such as photos and videos, and communicate with other people
Chief Information Officer (CIO)	Responsible for overseeing every aspect of an organization's information resource
Chief Security Officer (CSO)	Responsible for the technical aspects of ensuring the security of information such as the development and use of firewalls, intranets, extranets, and anti-virus software
Chief Technology Officer (CTO)	Responsible for overseeing both the underlying IT infrastructure within an organization and the user-facing technologies
Chief Privacy Officer (CPO)	Responsible for ensuring that information is used in an ethical way and that only the right people have access to certain types of information such as financial records, payroll, and health care
Technology Innovation Failure	A reward system for trying new technologies even if they prove to be unsuccessful
Legacy Information System (LIS)	Represents a massive, long-term business investment in a software system with a single focus.

CHAPTER  3 :

Business Intelligence (BI)	Collective, information about your customers, your competitors, your business partners, your competitive environment, and your own internal operations
Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)	The gathering of input information, processing that information, and updating existing information to reflect the gathered and processed information
Operational Databases	A database that supports OLTP
Database	A collection of information that you organize and access according to the logical structure of that information
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)	The manipulation of information to support decision making
Relational Database	Uses a series of logically related two-dimensional tables or files to store information in the form of a database
Relation	Describes each two-dimensional table or file in the relational model
Data Dictionary	Contains the logical structure for the information in a database
Primary Key Foreign Key	A field that uniquely describes each record A primary key of one file that appears as another file
Integrity Constraints	Rules that help ensure the quality of the information
Database Management System (DBMS)	Helps you specify the logical organization for a database and access and use the information within a database
DBMS Engine	Accepts logical requests from the various other DBMS subsystems, converts them into their physical equivalent, and actually accesses the database and data dictionary as they exist on a storage device
Physical View	Deals with how information is physically arranged, stored, and accessed on some type of storage device such as a hard disk
Logical View	Focuses on how you as a knowledge worker need to arrange and access information to meet your particular business needs
Digital Dashboard	Displays key information gathered from several sources on a computer screen in a format tailored to the needs and wants of an individual knowledge worker
Data Mart	A subset of a data warehouse in which only a focused portion of the data warehouse is kept
Data Administration	The function in an organization that plans for, oversees the development of, and monitors the information resource
Database Administration	The function in an organization that is responsible for the more technical and operational aspects of managing the information contained in organizational information repositories
Data Warehouse	A logical collection of information - gathered from many different operational databases - used to create business intelligence that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks
Data-Mining Tools	The software tools you use to query information in a data warehouse
Competitive Intelligence (CI)	Business intelligence focused on the external competitive environment
Data Definition Subsystem	Helps you create and maintain the data dictionary and define the structure of the files in a database
Data Manipulation Subsystem	Helps you add, change, and delete information in a database and query it for valuable information
View	Allows you to see the contents of a database file, make whatever changes you want, perform simple sorting, and query to find the location of specific information
Report Generators	Helps you quickly define formats of reports and what information you want to see in a report
Data Administration Subsystem	Helps you manage the overall database environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery, security management, query optimization, concurrency control, and change management
Backup	A copy of the information stored on a computer
Recovery	The process of reinstalling the backup information in the event the information was lost
Multidimensional Analysis Tools (MDA)	Slice-and-dice techniques that allow you to view multidimensional information from different perspectives
Query-and-Reporting Tools	Similar to QBE tools, SQL, and report generators in the typical database environment

CHAPTER 4 :

privacy	the claim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference from other individuals, organizations, or the state
accountability	the mechanisms for assessing responsibility for decisions made and actions taken
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)	type of RSI in which pressure on the median nerve through the wrist's bony carpal tunnel structure produces pain
computer vision syndrome (CVS)	eyestrain condition related to computer display screen use; symptoms include headaches, blurred vision, and dry and irritated eyes
copyright	a statutory grant that protects creators of intellectual property against copying by others for any purpose for a minimum of 70 years
computer abuse	the commission of acts involving a computer that may not be illegal but are considered unethical
computer crime The	commission of illegal acts through the use of a computer or against a computer system.
cookies	tiny file deposited on a computer hard drive, when an individual visits certain web sites. used to identify the visitor and track visits to the web site
digital divide	large disparities in access to computers and the internet among different social groups and different locations
digital millennium copyright act (DMCA)	Adjusts copyright laws to the Internet Age by making it illegal to make, distribute, or use devices that circumvent technology-based protections of copy-righted materials.
ethics	principles of right and wrong that can be used by individuals acting as free moral agents to make choices to guide their behavior
spam	Unsolicited commercial e-mail
utilitarian principle	Principle that assumes one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action.
trade secret	an intellectual work or product used for a business purpose that can be classified as belonging to that business, provided it is not based on information in the public domain
technostress	stress induced by computer use; symptoms include aggravation, hostility toward humans, impatience, and enervation
spyware	Technology that aids in gathering information about a person or organization without their knowledge.
due process	a process in which laws are well-known and understood and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that laws are applied correctly
information rights	the rights that individuals and organizations have with respect to information that pertains to themselves
liability	the existence of laws that permit individuals to recover the damages done to them by other actors, systems, or organizations
risk aversion principle	Principle that one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost.
safe harbor	Private self-regulating policy and enforcement mechanism that meets the objectives of government regulations but does not involve government regulation or enforcement
Descartes' rule of change	A principle that states that if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time.
ethical "no free lunch" rule	Assumption that all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone else, unless there is a specific declaration otherwise, and that the creator wants compensation for this work.
intellectual property	Intangible property created by individuals or corporations that is subject to protections under trade secret, copyright, and patent law
profiling	the use of computers to combine data from multiple sources and create electronic dossiers of detailed information on individuals
responsibility	accepting the potential costs, duties, and obligations for the decisions one makes
repetitive stress injury (RSI)	occupational disease that occurs when muscle groups are forced through repetitive actions with high-impact loads or thousands of repetitions with low-impact loads.